Quick Facts
- Most bites come from dogs (≈80 %), followed by cats (≈10 %) and humans.
- Hands and fingers are most often injured. Small punctures can hide deep damage.
- Cat and hand bites have the highest infection risk – up to 1 in 2 become infected without treatment.
First-Aid Steps
- Stop bleeding – press firmly with a clean cloth; raise the limb.
- Wash for 2 minutes under warm running water with soap.
- Let it ooze a little—this helps flush germs.
- Cover loosely with a sterile dressing.
- Avoid antiseptic inside the wound (it can damage tissue).
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain (no aspirin under 16 years).
Seek Urgent Medical Help if any of the following apply
Situation | Why it matters |
Skin is broken on hand, face, foot, joint, or genitals | High infection risk / cosmetic concerns |
Deep, large, or dirty wound | Needs thorough cleaning and possible stitches |
Bleeding will not stop after 10 minutes’ pressure | May need sutures or vessel repair |
Redness, swelling, heat, pus, bad smell, or worsening pain | Early signs of infection |
Animal was wild, stray, or acting oddly | Risk of rabies or other diseases |
Tetanus status uncertain or immune system is weak | Extra protection required |
Call 999 for heavy, pulsatile bleeding or if the person is collapsing.
What Will Happen in Clinic
- Assessment – questions, photos, check of tendons, nerves, vessels; X-ray for bone or tooth fragments.
- Cleaning & Débridement – high-pressure saline wash; removal of dead tissue.
- Closure decision
- Face: often stitched for best cosmetic result.
- Hand / puncture wounds: usually left open to drain.
- Antibiotics
- First choice: amoxicillin-clavulanate (3 days for prevention, 5 days if infected).
- Alternatives for penicillin allergy: doxycycline + metronidazole or as advised.
- Vaccines & Immunoglobulin
- Tetanus booster if last dose >5 years ago.
- Rabies vaccine ± immunoglobulin for high-risk animals or bites abroad.
- Follow-up in 24–48 hours; hand injuries may need a specialist or physiotherapy.
Caring for the Wound at Home
- Keep the limb elevated for the first day.
- Change dressings daily or sooner if wet.
- Finish all antibiotics.
- Begin gentle movement as advised to avoid stiffness.
- Watch for infection signs and seek help if they appear.
Prevent Future Bites
- Supervise children around pets.
- Do not disturb animals while they eat or sleep.
- Keep dog and cat vaccinations up to date.
- Learn calm handling; never use a clenched fist in an argument.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are cat bites worse than dog bites?
Thin, sharp cat teeth inject bacteria deep into joints and bone. The puncture seals quickly, trapping germs.
Can I catch HIV from a human bite?
Very unlikely unless infected blood enters your bloodstream. Staff will advise on testing if necessary.
Do I always need antibiotics?
Yes for hand bites, deep punctures, crush injuries, facial wounds, or if immune-compromised.
When will my hand feel normal?
Minor wounds feel better within a week. Severe injuries may need several weeks of rehabilitation.
Key Points to Remember
- Clean fast, treat fast – washing and early antibiotics halve infection rates.
- One in three hand bites become infected without treatment.
- Rabies is rare in the UK but always fatal once symptoms start – never ignore overseas bites.
Call to Action
If you have pain, book an appointment to be reviewed by Prof Imam or another member of our specialist team at The Arm Clinic. Early specialist care helps prevent long-term issues. Visit www.TheArmDoc.co.uk or book your consultation today. Phone: 020 3384 5588 | Email: Info@TheArmDoc.co.uk
Disclaimer
This information is for general educational purposes and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for individual guidance on your condition and treatment options.
This page was last clinically updated in May 2025